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Scientific Notation
Converter

Convert to Scientific Notation

Enter any number — plain, with commas, or already in e-notation

Also accepts 1.23e8, 1.23 × 10^8, and pasted results like 1.23 × 10⁸

Convert to Standard Notation

See the full written-out number — every zero included

Or enter everything at once in E-notation (this takes priority when filled):

Significant Figures Counter & Rounder

Every digit color-coded with the rule that decides its fate

Always Significant
  • Every nonzero digit (1–9)
  • Zeros between nonzero digits (e.g., 407)
  • Trailing zeros after a decimal point (e.g., 2.50)
Never Significant
  • Leading zeros (e.g., 0.00456 — they only set position)
  • Signs, commas, and the decimal point itself
The Ambiguous Case
  • Trailing zeros in a bare integer (e.g., 1200) are ambiguous
  • Convention: not counted unless a decimal point is written
  • Scientific notation removes the ambiguity: 1.2 × 10³ vs 1.200 × 10³

Scientific Notation Calculator

Every result comes with the exponent rule that produced it

 
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Result (Scientific)
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Result (E-notation)
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Result (Standard)
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Engineering
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Batch Converter

Convert a whole list at once — invalid lines are flagged, not silently dropped

Scientific Notation Reference

Common values and constants — press "Try" to load any of them into the converter

Powers of 10

NameScientificStandard
Trillion1 × 10¹²1,000,000,000,000
Billion1 × 10⁹1,000,000,000
Million1 × 10⁶1,000,000
Thousand1 × 10³1,000
One1 × 10⁰1
Thousandth1 × 10⁻³0.001
Millionth1 × 10⁻⁶0.000001
Billionth1 × 10⁻⁹0.000000001
Scientific Constants
ConstantValueUnit
Speed of Light (c)2.998 × 10⁸m/s
Avogadro's Number (Nₐ)6.022 × 10²³mol⁻¹
Planck's Constant (h)6.626 × 10⁻³⁴J·s
Gravitational Constant (G)6.674 × 10⁻¹¹m³/(kg·s²)
Electron Mass (mₑ)9.109 × 10⁻³¹kg
Proton Mass (mₚ)1.673 × 10⁻²⁷kg
Elementary Charge (e)1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹C
Boltzmann Constant (k)1.381 × 10⁻²³J/K
Astronomical Distances
DistanceValueUnit
Earth to Moon3.844 × 10⁸m
Earth to Sun (1 AU)1.496 × 10¹¹m
Light Year9.461 × 10¹⁵m
Nearest Star (Proxima)4.014 × 10¹⁶m
Milky Way Diameter9.5 × 10²⁰m
Observable Universe8.8 × 10²⁶m
SI Prefixes (complete modern list)
PrefixPowerSymbol
Quetta10³⁰Q
Ronna10²⁷R
Yotta10²⁴Y
Zetta10²¹Z
Exa10¹⁸E
Peta10¹⁵P
Tera10¹²T
Giga10⁹G
Mega10⁶M
Kilo10³k
Milli10⁻³m
Micro10⁻⁶μ
Nano10⁻⁹n
Pico10⁻¹²p
Femto10⁻¹⁵f
Atto10⁻¹⁸a
Zepto10⁻²¹z
Yocto10⁻²⁴y
Ronto10⁻²⁷r
Quecto10⁻³⁰q

Understanding Scientific Notation

What Is Scientific Notation?

Scientific notation expresses numbers as a coefficient times a power of 10.

  • Format: a × 10ⁿ
  • Coefficient (a): 1 ≤ |a| < 10
  • Exponent (n): any integer
  • Example: 6,500,000 = 6.5 × 10⁶
Why Use It?

Scientific notation makes working with extreme numbers easier.

  • Compact representation
  • Easy comparison of magnitudes
  • Simpler calculations (exponents just add)
  • Standard in science & engineering
  • Reduces errors with zeros
Reading the Exponent

The exponent tells you how many places to move the decimal.

  • Positive exponent: move right
  • Negative exponent: move left
  • 10³ = 1,000 (3 zeros)
  • 10⁻³ = 0.001 (3 places left)